the rise was caused during the 11th century when the communal government evolved under the leadership of a burgher,
The rise of the Italian city-states was driven by population growth, the decline of feudal systems, and increased trade, particularly through maritime cities like Venice and Genoa. This created a wealthy merchant class that took political control and fostered cultural innovations leading to the Renaissance. Political rivalries also played a role, leading to both instability and a unique civic architecture.
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