An electric device delivers a current of [tex]$15.0 A$[/tex] for 30 seconds. How many electrons flow through it?
Answer (2)
The solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature, while the solubility of most solids increases with increasing temperature.
Explanation
Problem Analysis We want to formulate a claim, provide evidence, and explain the reasoning behind the relationship between temperature and solubility for both gases and solids, based on the provided data and general scientific knowledge.
Gas Solubility Analysis Based on the data for oxygen in water, as the temperature increases from 5°C to 25°C, the concentration of oxygen decreases from 0.12 mg/mL to 0.08 mg/mL. This indicates an inverse relationship between temperature and the solubility of oxygen (a gas) in water.
CER for Gas Solubility Claim: The solubility of a gas in a liquid decreases as temperature increases. Evidence: The concentration of oxygen in water decreases as temperature increases (0.12 mg/mL at 5°C, 0.10 mg/mL at 15°C, and 0.08 mg/mL at 25°C). Reasoning: Increasing the temperature provides gas molecules with more kinetic energy, allowing them to overcome intermolecular forces and escape from the solution.
Solid Solubility Analysis In general, the solubility of most solid compounds in a liquid increases with increasing temperature. This is because the increased thermal energy helps to break the bonds holding the solid lattice together, allowing the individual ions or molecules to disperse more easily into the solvent.
CER for Solid Solubility Claim: The solubility of most solids in a liquid increases as temperature increases. Evidence: Generally, increasing temperature increases the kinetic energy of the solvent molecules, which facilitates the solvation process. Reasoning: Higher temperatures provide more energy to break the solute-solute interactions in the solid and the solvent-solvent interactions in the liquid, allowing the solute and solvent to mix more effectively.
Final Answer The solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature, while the solubility of most solids increases with increasing temperature.
Examples
Consider the preparation of carbonated beverages. To maximize the CO2 dissolved in the soda, the process is carried out at low temperatures. This is because the solubility of CO2 gas in water decreases as temperature increases. Conversely, when making rock candy (sugar crystals), a hot, supersaturated sugar solution is prepared, and as it cools, the solubility of sugar decreases, leading to the formation of large sugar crystals. This illustrates how temperature affects the solubility of solids and gases in everyday applications.
The total charge delivered by the device is 450 C during 30 seconds of operation. This corresponds to approximately 2.81 x 10^21 electrons flowing through the device. Therefore, about 2.81 quintillion electrons flow through it.
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